Egypt is an Arab country located in the northeastern part of the African continent and has an Asian extension where the Sinai Peninsula is located within the Asian continent. It is a transcontinental country with a population of approximately 105 million people. to rank thirteenth among the countries in the world in terms of population and the largest Arab population. The Arab Republic of Egypt has long coastlines on White and Red Bahrain and borders seven countries. The area of the Arab Republic of Egypt is approximately 1,002,000 square kilometers. The residential area is 78,990 km2, or 7.8% of the total area.
Egypt is famous for one of the oldest civilizations on Earth. People began migrating to the banks of the Nile, settling and farming the land and raising livestock around 10,000 years ago. The Badari civilization about 7,000 years ago and the Naqada civilization (4400 BC – c. 3000 BC) provide evidence of this. Its natural development was to merge with each other in the north and south and integrate the tribal and maritime aspects as well as the central rule introduced at the beginning of the dynastic era (around 3000 BC). He exchanged trade with his neighbors as Egypt is one of the first trading countries. The invention of writing in Egypt had a great impact on the country’s way of life and its rapid development, the ancient Egyptians loved to write and ancient Egypt also witnessed developments in the fields of medicine, engineering and arithmetic.
Egypt is famous for its numerous monuments as it is home to one third of the world’s monuments such as the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, the Temple of Karnak, Deir el-Bahri, the Valley of the Kings and other ancient monuments such as those found in the cities of Memphis, Thebes and Karnak. and some of these monuments are exhibited in major museums around the world. A special science was founded for the study of the antiquities of Egypt called Egyptology, as well as Roman, Greek, Coptic and Islamic antiquities of all ages.